Salesforce Admin Interview Questions and Answers
Q. What is the Cloud computing?
- "Cloud Computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction."
More info about Cloud Computing
Q. What are the characteristics of Cloud Computing?
In simple terms, it's a hosting solution where your data is stored in the provider's data center. He is accountable for maintaining and manage the data center and is being shared with other organizations. Salesforce is a public cloud.
These reside on a company infrastructure only; the company is responsible for maintaining and upgrading it over time and is not shared between any other organization.
- Multi-tenancy cloud architecture
All users and applications share a common infrastructure that is centrally maintained. In terms of security, for example, this means that every user gets the highest level of security specified in your package.
- Simple access
Via any networked device, making it easier to manage to access data and information and keep data in sync. - Familiar web-based interfaces
Building on the consumer web that users already know. This can help you boost adoption and take-up rates. - Accelerated feature delivery
With updates often rolled out weekly or monthly and no need to maintain or support legacy versions of the software. - Open integration protocols and APIs
Enabling the development of ‘mash-ups’ which combine data, presentation and functionality from multiple services. - Collaborative and social functions
Which allow people in different teams and or locations work co-operatively with one another.
Platform as a Service or PaaS is a set of cloud based services that enable business users and developers to build applications at a speed that on-premise solutions cannot match. As it’s a cloud based service there’s no need to worry about the set-up and maintenance of servers, patching, upgrades, authentication, and so on, users can just focus on creating the best user experience possible. PaaS also delivers a set of additional services such as workflow and design tools and rich APIs all intended to help business users and developers create applications that delight their users.
Ex. Force.com
More info about PaaS
Ex. Heroku, Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Q. Expand CRM and explain.
- The expansion of CRM is ‘Customer Relationship Management’
CRM is an application that helps automate systems or digitize marketing functions. With this software, companies can plan to increase their profits and revenues. This strategy of incrementing revenue and profit is made by attracting customers, clients, and sales. The important concept of CRM is customer value.
Customer relationship management (CRM) is a technology for managing your firm’s relationships and interactions with potential customers. The goal is to improve business relationships. A CRM willing companies to stay connected to customers, streamline processes, and improve profitability.
Q. Mention some CRM providers
- The popular CRM providers are:
- Salesforce CRM
- Oracle CRM
- Microsoft Dynamics CRM
- SAP CRM
- NetSuite CRM
- Sage CRM
- SugarCRM
Q. What do you know about Salesforce?
- Salesforce is San Francisco (United States) based American cloud-based software provider company. Salesforce has become a leader in CRM development.
It is a customer relationship management (CRM) platform that connects businesses with their customers. It is a single, integrated CRM platform that provides a standard shared picture of every customer to all of your departments, including marketing, sales, commerce, and service, and also allows you to store the data on a secure Cloud. Not only does the platform include a number of services and tools for relationship management, but it also assists in app development. As a result, Salesforce allows you to operate your business from anywhere.
Q. What are the different Salesforce editions?
- Essentials: The Salesforce Essentials edition is specially designed for small-scale businesses. It consists of an easy-to-use UI. There are various tools in the edition that help customize it according to business needs.
- Professional: This edition is built for businesses that require the most CRM functionality. It has features such as easy customization and integration with other technologies. Also, it consists of administration tools that help in the deployment of a small-scale application.
- Enterprise: The Enterprise edition is built for large-scale businesses. It provides advanced customization tools. The administration tools of the Enterprise edition helps large-scale deployment. The edition allows access to the features of the Salesforce API.
- Unlimited: This edition consists of extremely advanced features that help maximize usage. The Unlimited edition of Salesforce allows for the efficient management of business resources that can be provided instantly on-demand. Also, it provides premier support, high storage limit, an increased number of custom apps, and many more features.
- Developer: The Developer edition gives access to APIs and the Salesforce Lightning Platform. It provides tools that allow developers to customize the Salesforce platform and integrate with other technologies and applications. Also, the edition consists of those features that are present in the Enterprise edition.
More Info about Salesforce Editions
More Info about Data and File Storage Allocations
Q. Distinguish between Salesforce.com and Force.com.
- Both are relatively the same but different in their functionality.
Salesforce.com helps build CRM-functionality-based applications, e.g., an Android ‘app’ that stores contact details, makes phone calls, and has all the other standard functions of a phone. (Playstore Apps)
Force.com is used to customize a data model and a user interface, e.g., an Android OS environment that can build and run apps. (Android OS Version)
Q. How many times does Salesforce release updates every year?
- Salesforce releases updates three times a year. They are called Spring, Summer, and Winter.
Q. What is site url to check any maintenance or issue from salesforce to check?
- trust.salesforce.com or also from status.salesforce.com
Q. Difference between salesforce and salesforce platform licenses?
- Salesforce License allows complete access do in the Salesforce.
- Salesforce Platform is restricted license than the Salesforce license and gives less access. And we cannot access Opportunities and cases objects.
Q. Use of setup page?
- Setup is used to customize, configure and see all settings used to develop and manage Salesforce.
Q. What is use of Security token in salesforce?
- Its case sensitive formatted token which is unique and secured(should not share) used to login into tools or from other integration systems along with password.
Q. Use of Notification icon in salesforce?
- It is used when another person tags you or chatters you and can see message.
Q. What is global search?
- The Global Search Results component displays search results from across the community. The results shown are based on search terms entered in the Search Publisher and can be displayed in one list or in multiple tabs.
Q. What is Profile? Mention the types of Profiles available in Salesforce.
- A profile is a combination of various settings and permissions which enables the user to perform certain tasks in salesforce. For example, they can be: Access to Tabs, Administrative Permissions, General User Permissions, Object Permissions. A profile can have multiple users but a user can have only one profile in the org.
There are two types of profiles:
- Standard profiles: Profiles created by Salesforce
- Custom profiles: Profiles created by users
1. Standard Profiles -
Standard profiles are the default profiles provided by the salesforce, even for the free license. These profiles cannot be deleted by anyone and they are generally six (6):
- System Administrator : "Super User" can customize and administer the application
- Standard User : Can view, edit, and delete their own records
- Solution Manager : Standard User permissions + Can manage published solutions + Can manage categories
- Read Only : Can only view records
- Marketing User : Standard User permissions + Can import leads for the organization
- Contract Manager : Standard User permissions + Can edit, approve, activate, and delete contracts
2. Custom Profiles -
- These are the profiles created by users and can be deleted. Custom profiles have "Custom" column checked for them on the view profile screen.
Q. What is the difference between Profile and Role?
- Profiles:
Object and field-level access may be created using profiles, such as general permissions, tab level permissions, read & write permissions, and so on.
It is Job Function of person(user) is he has to do in salesforce with required access set by profile permissions and settings and also controls the data accessibility - Role:
We may offer record-level access using roles, such as organization-wide defaults, Role hierarchy, sharing rules, and manual sharing. Simply put, record-level access is influenced by responsibilities.
It is Job title of the Person(user) in the organization. Roles will gives access to read data that user creates and the data created subordinates in role hierarchy.
Q. What is a Permission Set?
- Permission Sets are add-ons to Profiles. They generally have the same settings and are used to increase users’ permissions above what the Profile provides. The benefit to them is that you can give users slightly different permissions without having to create separate Profiles.
Q. Differences between profiles and permission sets?
- One user can have only one Profile and One user can have multi permission sets.
- Permission sets are Used as extended access of profiles for specific needs
- In Permission sets we don’t have features like Login/password policies and session settings etc.
Q. What is permission set group?
- A group of permissions sets called as Permission set group. We can add all permissions related to one job function as one group , so It will be easy instead of assigning one by individual permission to users.
Q. What is use of muting permission set in permission set group?
- By Adding Muting Permission in permission set group we can switch off/turn off/remove particular permission/Setting within a group without affecting the rest of the permission sets within the group.
Q. How many profiles we can assign to a user?
- Only one profile
Q. Can we delete a user in Salesforce?
- No, we cannot delete the user in the salesforce.
Q. How to look at the user license information in Salesforce Org?
- Steps to find out the user license:
Salesforce Org → Setup → Administer → Company Profile → Company Information.
Q. Can we change the license when we create a profile?
- No, we cannot change the license when we are creating the profile.
Q. What is the difference between WhoID and WhatID?
- WhoID refers to people such as contact or leads. Whereas “What ID” refers only to objects.
Q. How many profiles a user can have in Salesforce?
- A user can have only one profile at a time but you can assign multiple permission set to a user.
Q. How many users we can assign to a profile?
- Multiple users
Q. How to set IP Address restriction?
- Go to Setup > Profile > System Information > Login IP Range
Q. What is use of password policies settings in profile?
- It is used to set password expiration time duration, password length, character format(containing special character, alphabetical and numeric etc.,) and Lockout time and Remembering passwords etc.,
Q. What is Role Hierarchy?
- The ladder/tree structure of Job titles(user Roles) put in place so that those higher up can see the data created by sub ordinates of roles beneath them.
Q. What is Object?
- Object is a data table in salesforce where we store customers data. Objects are 2 types standard and custom object.
Q. What is standard Objects?
- The objects created by salesforce by default and which we cannot delete are called as standard objects.
Data Modelling:
Q. What is Standard and Custom Fields in Salesforce?
- Standard Fields:
There are four standard fields in every custom object that are Name, Created By, Last Modified By, Owner, and the field created at the time of the creation of an object.
These fields cannot be deleted or edited and they are always required. For standard objects, the fields which are present by default in them and cannot be deleted from standard objects are standard fields.
Custom Fields:
The Custom fields which are added by the administrator/developer to meet the business requirements of any organization. They may or may not be required.
Standard Fields for Custom Objects
- Name
- CreatedById
- LastModifiedById
- OwnerId
More info about Standard Fields for Custom Objects
Q. What are the different data types that a standard field record name can have?
- Standard field record Name can have data type of either auto number or text field with a limit of 80 chars.
Q. Which options do you have to make a field required?
- There are four options available to the user to make a field required:
- Field Definition - When creating a custom field, a user can mark the field as required.
- Validation Rule - Validation rules can be make a field required.
- Page Layout - While selecting fields for defining a page layout, a field can be marked as required.
- Trigger - Triggers are a way of making a field required using command line. Here you can write your own apex code to make a field required rather than using any other methods involving UI elements.
Q. What are Audit Fields?
- Audit fields are the important fields available to keep a track of all the information of the org. These are quite valuable fields at the time of auditing. Below mentioned fields combined are known as audit fields:
- CreatedDate
- CreatedById
- LastModifiedDate
- LastModifiedById
- systemModStamp
These fields play important role when you are trying to import your data into your salesforce org and are willing to keep the audit fields similar to the source. In order to do so, you will have to enable "Enable Set Audit Fields upon Record Creation" and "Update Records with Inactive Owners" permission. This can be done from Setup > Platform Tools > User Interface > User Interface.
Q. What is an Audit Trail?
- Administrators need to make changes in the organizational setup. Audit Trail history helps you to track the recent 20 changes that are made in setup, by multiple administrators.
Q. What is an Auditing?
- Auditing provides information about use of the system, which can be critical in diagnosing potential or real security issues.
- Record Modification Fields:
All objects include fields to store the name of the user who created the record and who last modified the record. This provides some basic auditing information. - Login History:
You can review a list of successful and failed login attempts to your organization for the past six months. - Field History Tracking:
You can also enable auditing for individual fields, which will automatically track any changes in the values of selected fields. Although auditing is available for all custom objects, only some standard objects allow field-level auditing. - Setup Audit Trail:
Administrators can also view a Setup Audit Trail, which logs when modifications are made to your organization’s configuration.
Q. What is difference between Setup Audit trail and field history tracking.
- The Setup Audit Trial is on the Organization level,
Field History Tracking is on the Object level.
Setup Audit trail : this tracks the configuration & metadata changes done recently
Field history tracking : this tracks the data changes for that field recently
Q. What is a Data type? What are the different data types?
- Data type comes with a field and stores the type of information stored in the field. The types of commonly used fields are : checkbox, date or DateTime, and formula.
Q. What is a schema builder?
- Schema Builder provides a dynamic environment for viewing, modifying all the objects and relationships in-app. It dramatically simplifies the task of designing, implementing, and changing your data model or schema. Schema Builder is enabled by default.
Q. What is the difference between ISNULL and ISBLANK?
- ISBLANK has the same functionality as ISNULL but also supports text fields as text fields are never null; hence using ISNULL on text fields would always return false while is blank returns T or F depending on if the field is empty or not.
Q. What is the Formula field?
- A Formula field is a read-only field that is coupled with a formula or expression from which its value is calculated. With the corresponding modification in the formula or expression, the value of this type of field is immediately changed. This field can be created using both standard and custom objects.
Q. Can you change the value formula field on the record?
- No formula fields are read-only fields.
Q. Can we convert formula fields into any other data type?
- No, it’s not allowed.
Q. What is Field Dependency?
- In Salesforce, Field Dependencies are filters that will let the users modify their content and control the value of one field dependent on the value of another. There are two other fields in Field dependency which are.
- Controlling Field (eg. Country)
- Dependent field (eg. State)
Q. What is a dependent picklist?
- Dependent picklist becomes active once a value is chosen on a controlling field. We can map a value or set of values allowed for a particular value on a controlling field. For example, When choosing your location, you first select a country, then depending on your country, the second picklist, i.e., the state, gets enabled, then depending on your state, you choose your city.
Q. What fields can be made dependent?
- Custom picklist, Multi-Picklist can be marked as dependent fields
Q. Can we mark standard fields as dependent fields?
- No
Q. Can we define checkbox and multi-select fields as controlling fields?
- No, we can’t define multi-select as the controlling field, but we can define the checkbox as the controlling field.
Q. What are unique fields ?
- If checked on fields, it prevents you from putting the same value on multiple records. The critical thing to remember is custom fields marked as Unique count against an object's limit of 25 External ID fields.
Q. What are the default indexed fields in Salesforce?
- We have some fields which are indexed by default in Salesforce, which are :
- Name
- ID
- Owner fields
- Master-detail relationship fields
- Lookup fields
- Last modified dates
- Audit dates
Q. What are Sharing Rules?
- Sharing rules extend sharing access to the users in roles, public groups or territories. It gives greater access to the users by making automatic exceptions to the sharing settings for the entire org.
This can be based on record ownership or other criteria. It selects the records to share with the users and the level of access to be given to these users or groups.
Q. What is the use of writing sharing rules?
- By default, all users in your organization will have OWD sharing settings of either Public Read Only or Private. To give access to more records, which users do not win, we write sharing rules.
Sharing rules are used to extend sharing access to users in public groups or roles.
Hence, sharing rules are not as strict as OWD default settings. They allow greater access for those users.
Q. Can you use sharing rules to restrict data access?
- No, we cannot use sharing rules to restrict data access. It is only used for allowing greater access to records.
Q. Is it possible to fire a validation rule only when a record is being inserted and not being updated?
- Yes, we can use the keyword ISNEW() to restrict validation to fire only in case of insertion.
Q. Can we stop users from deleting the record using a validation rule?
- No, we cannot.
Q. What is the use of Custom Settings? What are the types of Custom Settings in Salesforce?
- Custom Settings are similar to the custom objects. The developers create custom data and associate custom data for an organizational profile or a specific user.
The exposure of custom data settings to the application cache is beneficial due to the efficient access with no need for the cost of the repeated queries to the database. This data can be used by SOAP API, validation rule or formula field.
The different types of Custom Settings in Salesforce include:
- Hierarchy type
- List type
Q. What is Object Relationship in Salesforce? What are Salesforce Relations?
- In Salesforce, a related list allows us to connect standard and custom object records. This is the purpose served by an object relationship. Various cases can be connected with specific customers through this. One can create a custom relationship too.
The object relations in Salesforce include:
- Many to many
- Master-Detail
- Lookup
- Hierarchical
- Indirect Lookup
- External Lookup
Q. What are the different types of object relationships available in Salesforce?
- We have two types of relationship in Salesforce :
Master-Detail:
It’s a tightly coupled relationship that allows you to connect one object to another in one too many fashions.
Lookup:
Its a loosely coupled relationship that allows you to connect one object to another in one too many fashions
Self Relationship:
Object creation from a relationship is possible, but it must be a lookup relationship. Parent account field on Account that allows us to choose an account as a parent account of an existing one.
Hierarchical Relationship:
Available only for the user object. Use a lookup field to associate users. It does not indirectly or directly points to itself. One can create a custom hierarchical relationship field to store every user’s direct manager; this is an example.
Many to Many Relationship:
You can use master-detail relationships to model many-to-many relationships between any two objects. A many-to-many relationship allows each record of one object to link to multiple records from another object and vice versa. To create many relationships, you use a junction object that acts as detail for both master objects; for example, price book entry is a junction object in standard objects between product and price book.
External Lookup Relationship:
It links a child’s Standard, Custom, or External object to a parent External object. The Default External Id field on the parent external object matched against the external lookup relationship field. External Column Name to map the child External lookup field.
Indirect Lookup Relationship:
It links a child’s External object to a parent Standard or Custom object. External child object’s indirect lookup relationship field mapped to custom unique + external Id on the parent object
Q. What is a lookup relationship?
- A lookup relationship essentially links two objects together so that you can "look up" one object from the related items on another object.
- Lookup relationships can be one-to-one or one-to-many.
- The Account to Contact relationship is one-to-many because a single account can have many related contacts.
- Up to 40 allowed for object after summer 16 release.
- No impact on deletion.
- Lookup field is not required
# You can have a Total of 40 Relationship fields with a Maximum of 2 Master Detail Relationships.
- You can have all 40 as Lookup Relationship fields and 0 Master Detail Relationship,
- 38 Lookup and 2 Master Detail Relationship
- 39 Lookup and 1 Master Detail Relationship fields on an object
Q. What is a master-detail relationship?
- While lookup relationships are fairly casual, master-detail relationships are a bit tighter.
In this type of relationship, one object is the master and another is the detail. The master object controls certain behaviors of the detail object, like who can view the detail’s data.
More info about Relationships
Q. What is the use of roll up summary field in Salesforce?
- A roll-up summary field calculates values from related records, such as those in a related list. You can create a roll-up summary field to display a value in a master record based on the values of fields in a detail record.
Q. What is a Self Relationship ?
- Object creation from a relationship is possible, but it must be a lookup relationship. Parent account field on Account that allows us to choose an account as a parent account of an existing one.
Q. What is a Hierarchical Relationship ?
- Available only for the user object. Use a lookup field to associate users. It does not indirectly or directly points to itself. One can create a custom hierarchical relationship field to store every user’s direct manager; this is an example.
Q. What is a Many to Many Relationship ?
- You can use master-detail relationships to model many-to-many relationships between any two objects. A many-to-many relationship allows each record of one object to link to multiple records from another object and vice versa. To create many relationships, you use a junction object that acts as detail for both master objects.
for example, price book entry is a junction object in standard objects between product and price book.
Q. What is a Indirect Lookup Relationship ?
- It links a child’s External object to a parent Standard or Custom object. External child object’s indirect lookup relationship field mapped to custom unique + external Id on the parent object.
Q. List the characteristics and functions of a Roll-up Summary field.
- Characteristics of a roll-up summary field:
- It can be created for a Master-Detail relationship but not for a Lookup relationship.
- Auto numbers are not available here.
- We cannot change the field type in a roll-up summary field.
- It derives data from the Child object.
Functions of the roll-up summary field:
- Count
- Sum
- Min
- Max
Q. Can we rollup summary field from Contact to Account?
- No, we can’t as contacts are not in a master-detail relationship with accounts. It’s a special relationship that allows cascade delete, but contacts can also exist without an account.
Q. Can a standard object be on the detail side of a relationship?
- No
Q. Can I convert a lookup relationship to master detail?
- Yes, you can only if either all the records have values populated for the parent object or there are no records at all.
Q. Can we convert the master-detail relationship to lookup?
- Yes, if there are no rollup summaries defined on a parent object
Q. Can I use formula fields as filter criteria while defining rollup summaries fields?
- No
Q. Does a change in rollup summary fields also fire trigger?
- Yes
UI Customization:
Q. What are Custom Report Types?
- Custom report types in salesforce allows us to build framework in the report wizard when creating custom reports. This custom reports can be created between standard and custom objects.
Q. What is Custom Tabs ?
- Custom tabs let you display custom object data or other web content in Salesforce. When you add a custom tab to an app in Salesforce Classic, it appears as a tab. When you add a custom tab to an app in Lightning Experience, it appears as an item in the app’s navigation bar and in the App Launcher.
Q. What are Record Types?
- Represents the metadata associated with a record type. Record types let you offer different business processes, picklist values, and page layouts to different users. Use this metadata type to create, update, or delete record type definitions for a custom object.
Q. What is the difference between custom report types and standard report types?
- Standard report types are report types which Salesforce create itself when we create objects and relationships between them, for example, Contacts and Accounts.
Custom report types allow the admin to specify all fields available to the user while creating a report. Also, it provides functionality to associate up to 4 objects. It’s like creating a template that tells Salesforce that I need these objects with these fields to be available to create the report.
Q. What is a Page Layout?
- Page layouts control the layout and organization of buttons, fields, related lists on object record pages, and custom links. Use them to customize the content of record pages visible to your users. Page layout determines which fields are visible, read-only, and required.
Q. Can we have multiple page layouts defined for the same record type?
- Yes, we can. Every user sees a particular layout depending on record type and profile combination.
Q. Have you seen the master record type on an object? What do you understand about it?
- Yes, an object has no custom record types defined. The admin can see a master record type which is just a placeholder, for example, while assigning page layouts, etc.
Note: Master record type does not have record type id associated with it. Moreover, once a custom record type is defined, the master record type is no more available.
Q. What is Search Layouts ?
- Search layout is the search results fields displayed on the screen after searching any record in global search in Salesforce. We can create different search layouts for other profiles. Moreover, we can only add ten fields in search layouts.
Q. What is Compact Layout ?
- Compact layout is the one shown in the highlight panel when we open any record. We can add only ten fields in the compact layout.
Compact layout the metadata associated with a compact layout. This type extends the Metadata metadata type and inherits its fullName field.
A compact layout displays a record’s key fields at a glance in the Salesforce mobile app, Lightning Experience, and in the Outlook and Gmail integrations.
Compact layouts support all field types except:
- text area
- long text area
- rich text area
- multi-select picklist
Q. What are List Views?
- List View allows you to see a filtered list of records, such as contacts, accounts, or custom objects.
You can display up to 15 fields of your choice on a list view, and these fields can be changed and rearranged depending on your needs.
Q. What are the different types of email templates that can be created in Salesforce?
- Text
- HTML with Letterhead
- Custom HTML
- Visualforce
Q. What are object-specific actions?
- Object-specific actions let users quickly create or update records, log calls, send emails, and more in the context of a particular object.
Q. Can you call flows from object-specific actions and global actions?
- We can call flows only from object-specific actions and not from global actions; moreover, you can only call those flows which include screens.
Q. What are global actions, and how are they different from object-specific actions?
- Global create actions let users create object records; unlike object-specific actions, there’s no automatic relationship between the record created and any other record. You can add global actions to page layouts for the home page, the Chatter tab, Chatter groups, and record detail pages.
Q. Are the custom actions also available in Salesforce 1 automatically?
- Yes
Q. What is Field Set ?
- Represents a field set. A field set is a grouping of fields.
For example, you could have a field set that contains fields describing a user's first name, middle name, last name, and business title.
Field sets can be referenced on Visualforce pages dynamically. If the page is added to a managed package, administrators can add, remove, or reorder fields in a field set to modify the fields presented on the Visualforce page without modifying any code.
Q. What is Validation Rule ?
- Represents a validation rule, which is used to verify that the data a user enters in a record is valid and can be saved. A validation rule contains a formula or expression that evaluates the data in one or more fields and returns a value of true or false. Validation rules also include an error message that your client application can display to the user when the rule returns a value of true due to invalid data.
Q. What is a Change Set?
- Use change sets to send customizations from one Salesforce org to another.
For example, you can create and test a new object in a sandbox org, then send it to your production org using a change set.
Change sets can contain only modifications you can make through the Setup menu.
For example, you can’t use a change set to upload a list of contact records. Change sets contain information about the org. They don’t contain data, such as records.
Q. What is view all and modify all permission in Salesforce?
- When you grant "View All" or "Modify All" for an object on a profile or permission set, you grant any associated users access to all records of that object regardless of the sharing and security settings.
Q. What is the use of Queues?
- Queues in Salesforce are used to prioritize, distribute, assign and share the workload among the team members sharing the workload.
Q. Are all objects supported by Queues ?
No, for example, Account and Opportunities are not supported by Queues.
Q. What is a schema builder?
- Schema Builder provides a dynamic environment for viewing, modifying all the objects and relationships in-app. It dramatically simplifies the task of designing, implementing, and changing your data model or schema. Schema Builder is enabled by default.
Q. Where is the Recycle Bin in Salesforce?
- Salesforce admins can see all deleted data across the entire org. The Recycle Bin is available in the left sidebar on the Home page.
Deleted records remain in the Recycle Bin for 15 days, and can be restored during that time. To permanently remove your deleted items before the 15-day period, administrators and users with the “Modify All Data” permission, can click Empty your Recycle Bin or Empty your organization's Recycle Bin.
Data Security:
Q. What is OWD?
- Organization-Wide Defaults (OWD) are used to control access for any object. While setting OWD for a particular object, we also define whether access is provided within the role hierarchy or not.
How to make organization-wide default settings in salesforce:
Go to Setup -> Security Controls -> Sharing Settings -> Organization wide defaults -> Edit.
We have majorly three levels of access controls.
- Private
- Public read-only
- Public Read/Write
- Public Read/Write/Transfer (option is only available for Leads and Cases.)
Q. What is Grant Access using Hierarchies?
- Salesforce uses role hierarchy to automatically to grant access to users by default. We can not edit Grant Access using Hierarchies for standard objects and can edit Grant Access using Hierarchies check box for Standard objects. If Grant Access using Hierarchies check box for custom objects is not checked, only the record owner and users which are granted by Organization-wide default settings will be to access those records.
Q. Can we disable access via role hierarchy?
- Yes, we can for custom objects but not for standard objects.
Q. What is a public group?
- Public group consists of users, roles, or "roles and subordinates". Sharing rule is defined using public groups. Records that match certain conditions allocated to users in public groups through Sharing Rules.
Q. What is the difference between a public group and a Queue?
- Major difference between Queue and the public group is queues are used as owners of records to share workload while groups are used for security, i.e., to open up access for a set of users.
Q. When is the button to share the record manually available?
- Button is available only when OWD is not a public read-write, plus you should have access to share the record.
Q. Can we create a user without a role and profile?
- Profile is mandatory while creating the user, while the role can be left blank.
Q. Who can manually share the record?
- Record Owner, Any user above the role hierarchy or Administrator, can manually share the record.
Q. What is "View all" and "Modify All" permission?
- View all and modify all fields trump everything in the system, i.e., irrespective of OWD, what sharing rules are set up in system user with this permission will be able to see or edit all the records present in the system for a particular object. It gives a user the ability to mass update, mass transfer, and mass delete records
Q. How is the access of detail objects in the case of master relationship controlled?
- OWD of the child is controlled by the parent, and the parent object’s access to the detail object is controlled only; while defining the relationship, you select either option to define the access. If a user has minimum read access on the parent record, they can edit the child record. They can edit the child record, If the user has edit access on the parent record only. Remember, users also need to have access at the profile level to edit the object
Q. What is public read-write transfer available on specific objects in OWD?
- This option is available only for the case and lead objects, along with users being able to read and write the record. They can also transfer ownership of the record depending on whether they have appropriate access to the profile.
Q. What will happen to child records if we delete a parent record in Lookup Relationship?
- When we define a lookup relationship between two objects, we choose an outcome for if the parent record is deleted what should happen with lookup value will be cleared, or we will restrict the user from deleting the parent record itself.
Note: We can’t select the first option, i.e., clear the value of a field if the field is marked as required.
Q. What will happen to child records if we delete a parent record in case of a Master-Detail Relationship?
- All the child object records will be deleted if we delete the parent object record.
Q. If we restore the master record, does it also restore the detail records?
- Yes
Q. Can we restrict permissions using a permission set?
- No permission sets are used to extend the access, not restrict it.
Q. What will happen if a field is hidden through Field level security and the user searches for values in that field?
- Field-level security doesn’t prevent users from searching on the values in a field. When search terms match field values protected by field-level security, the associated records are returned without the protected fields and their values in the search results.
Q. If a user doesn’t have access to a record type, can they still see the records of that record type?
- Yes, they will be able to see it; they just won’t be able to create records of that particular record type.
Q. Can we restrict users logging in from unauthorized IP addresses?
- Yes, we can define what IP addresses are valid, and if users of that particular profile try to login IP addresses outside of those defined, they will be denied access.
Q. What is the difference between defining IP ranges in network access and on profile?
- IP ranges that we define in-network access. Just tell us a list of secure IPs that don’t require any login challenges, like receiving an OTP, while IP ranges are defined on the profile. It will restrict the user from logging in other IPs other than described on the profile.
Q. Can we restrict the login of users based on time?
- Yes, it can be done, but only at the profile level is there a related list under each profile called login hours, where we can define the start and end time for each day.
Queues:
Q. What is Queue?
- Queues are groups of users who can own records. All records in Salesforce must have an owner. We can add Groups, users, Roles and Roles & sub ordinates to share the records access routing.
Q. Are all objects supported by Queues?
- No, for example, Account and Opportunities are not supported by Queues.
Q. Who all can be part of Queue?
- Users, Public group, roles, roles, and subordinates both internal and portal, territories, and territories subordinates
Q. Can a queue be part of another queue?
- No
Q. What is the use of Queues?
- Queues in Salesforce are used to prioritize, distribute, assign and share the workload among the team members sharing the workload.
Reports & Dashboards:
Q. What all reports are supported on the dashboard?
- Tabular, Summary, and Matrix reports.
Q. Which type of reports can be used for dashboard components?
- Summary reports and Matrix reports are used for dashboard components.
Q. What are the different Report Types available in Salesforce?
- Standard report and Custom report
Q. What are the different Types of Reports available in Salesforce?
- Tabular
- Summary
- Matrix
- Joined
Q. Can we mass delete reports in Salesforce?
-Yes, we can mass delete reports in Salesforce.
Q. What are Reports and Dashboards?
- Reports in Salesforce:
Reports in Salesforce is a list of records that meet a particular criteria which gives an answer to a particular question. These records are displayed as a table that can be filtered or grouped based on any field. - Salesforce Dashboards:
Dashboards in Salesforce are a graphical representation of Reports. It shows data from source reports as visual components.
Q. Are newly created fields automatically included in your custom report types?
- Yes, if you tick mark the option to include it in the report types while creating the field, you will have to add them manually.
Q. What is a report type?
- A report type is like a template which makes reporting more straightforward. The report type determines which fields and records are available for use when you are creating a report. This is based on the relationships between a primary object and its related objects. For example, with the ‘Contacts and Accounts’ report type, ‘Contacts’ is the primary object, and ‘Accounts’ is the related object. Contacts and Accounts is a standard report type that comes from OOTB.
Q. What is the difference between custom report types and standard report types?
- Standard report types are report types which Salesforce create itself when we create objects and relationships between them, for example, Contacts and Accounts.
Custom report types allow the admin to specify all fields available to the user while creating a report. Also, it provides functionality to associate up to 4 objects. It’s like creating a template that tells Salesforce that I need these objects with these fields to be available to create the report.
Q. What are Bucket Fields in Salesforce?
- Bucket Fields categorize records in Salesforce reports without any need for a formula or a custom field. They exist only in the reports. When a bucket column is created then multiple categories of group report values.
Q. What is a bucket field in reports?
- Bucketing lets you quickly categorize report records without creating a formula or a custom field within Salesforce. They can be used to group, filter or arrange report data. When you create a bucket field, you need to define multiple categories (buckets) that are used to group report values.
Q. What are the different kinds of Reports in Salesforce?
- Different kinds of reports in Salesforce are:
- Tabular Report:
It is similar to a spreadsheet and is the simplest and fastest way to see data. Tabular reports are the best to create lists of records. - Summary Report:
It is similar to a tabular report but allows users to group rows of data, view subtotals, and create charts. - Matrix Report:
It is similar to a summary report, but it allows users to group and summarize data by both rows and columns. - Joined Report:
Joined reports let us create multiple report blocks that provide different views of our data and each block acts as a sub report.
Process Automation:
Q. What are the key automation tools in Salesforce? How do you know when to use which?- Here are the key 4 automation tools in Salesforce:
- Workflows -
The most basic of the automation tools. It can:
1) Create tasks
2) Send email alerts
3) Update fields
4) Send outbound messages
More info about Workflows
- Process Builder -
Much more visually appealing because you can have a series of if/then statements. All it requires is an entry criteria along with the required action which will take place when the criteria is met. For example: An email alert should be sent to the manager if a customer writes a bad review on a case.
- Lightning Flow -
Good for complex client needs that cannot be met by workflows or process builders. Ideal for scenarios where you need to guide a customer through a series of steps, i.e. client going through different screens to request a new credit card.
- Approval Process -
As the name suggests, this tool will automate those processes, where a user has to wait for approval from some other user in order to proceed further with the transaction. For example: When a salesman has to apply discount of 25% on a product, they have to wait for manager's approval. This is something which can be automated using approval processes.
Q. What all can be done using a workflow?
- We can only perform the below actions using workflows :
- Field updates
- Email Alert
- Create Task
- Send an outbound message
-- More info about Workflows
Q. What are the evolution criteria's in workflow rule?
- Evolution Criteria in workflow rules is used to set or configure when you want to trigger the workflow rule
- Created
- Created / updated
- Created / updated and subsequently meet the criteria.
Q. What all can be done using a Process Builder?
- We can only perform the below actions using Process Builder:
- Create a record of any object type
- Update any related record - not just the record or its parent
- Use a quick action to create a record, update a record, or log a call
- Invoke a process from another process
- Launch a flow - you can’t schedule this action with workflow
- Send an email
- Send a custom notification
- Post to Chatter
- Submit a record for approval
Q. What is an Approval Process?
- An approval process is an automated process that approves records in Salesforce.
When you build an approval process, you specify the steps necessary for approval. A given step can apply to all records or just records with certain attributes.
Q. What are the 2 types of approval process creation?
- Jump Start wizard
- Standard Setup wizard
Q. What is approval step?
- Approval step is one of the criteria we can set to define different hierarchy or process of approvers for a record in approval process. Its will trigger and perform based on criteria matches and send for approvers we select.
Q. Can we update a child record using workflows ?
- No, we can only update the record itself or parent record (in case of master-detail relationship only).
Q. Can we create assignment rules on all objects?
- No, only on the case and leads.
Q. When I can't create time-based workflow action in workflow?
When the workflow is executed, created, and every time it's edited.
Q. Can we see all the time-dependent workflow actions that are lined up to be executed?
- Yes, we can monitor all the pending automation related to time-dependent workflows in the “Time-based Workflow” option in setup.
Q. Can we remove pending time-based actions?
- Yes, we can delete pending automation from the "Time-based workflow" option in setup.
Q. Can an object have multiple approval processes defined for it?
- Yes, as per the current release, you can have 1000 active approval processes and 300 active approval processes per object.
Q. Difference between Process Builder and Workflows:
Q. Difference between Process Builder and Trigger
Data Management:
Process Automation:
- Here are the key 4 automation tools in Salesforce:
- Workflows -
The most basic of the automation tools. It can:
1) Create tasks
2) Send email alerts
3) Update fields
4) Send outbound messages
More info about Workflows - Process Builder -
Much more visually appealing because you can have a series of if/then statements. All it requires is an entry criteria along with the required action which will take place when the criteria is met. For example: An email alert should be sent to the manager if a customer writes a bad review on a case. - Lightning Flow -
Good for complex client needs that cannot be met by workflows or process builders. Ideal for scenarios where you need to guide a customer through a series of steps, i.e. client going through different screens to request a new credit card. - Approval Process -
As the name suggests, this tool will automate those processes, where a user has to wait for approval from some other user in order to proceed further with the transaction. For example: When a salesman has to apply discount of 25% on a product, they have to wait for manager's approval. This is something which can be automated using approval processes.
Q. What all can be done using a workflow?
- We can only perform the below actions using workflows :
- Field updates
- Email Alert
- Create Task
- Send an outbound message
-- More info about Workflows
Q. What are the evolution criteria's in workflow rule?
- Evolution Criteria in workflow rules is used to set or configure when you want to trigger the workflow rule
- Created
- Created / updated
- Created / updated and subsequently meet the criteria.
Q. What all can be done using a Process Builder?
- We can only perform the below actions using Process Builder:
- Create a record of any object type
- Update any related record - not just the record or its parent
- Use a quick action to create a record, update a record, or log a call
- Invoke a process from another process
- Launch a flow - you can’t schedule this action with workflow
- Send an email
- Send a custom notification
- Post to Chatter
- Submit a record for approval
Q. What is an Approval Process?
- An approval process is an automated process that approves records in Salesforce.
When you build an approval process, you specify the steps necessary for approval. A given step can apply to all records or just records with certain attributes.
Q. What are the 2 types of approval process creation?
- Jump Start wizard
- Standard Setup wizard
Q. What is approval step?
- Approval step is one of the criteria we can set to define different hierarchy or process of approvers for a record in approval process. Its will trigger and perform based on criteria matches and send for approvers we select.
Q. Can we update a child record using workflows ?
- No, we can only update the record itself or parent record (in case of master-detail relationship only).
Q. Can we create assignment rules on all objects?
- No, only on the case and leads.
Q. When I can't create time-based workflow action in workflow?
When the workflow is executed, created, and every time it's edited.
Q. Can we see all the time-dependent workflow actions that are lined up to be executed?
- Yes, we can monitor all the pending automation related to time-dependent workflows in the “Time-based Workflow” option in setup.
Q. Can we remove pending time-based actions?
- Yes, we can delete pending automation from the "Time-based workflow" option in setup.
Q. Can an object have multiple approval processes defined for it?
- Yes, as per the current release, you can have 1000 active approval processes and 300 active approval processes per object.
Q. Difference between Process Builder and Trigger
Q. What is the difference between 15 digit and 18 digit record ID ?
- 15 Digit record ID is case sensitive, used on UI, while 18 digit record ID is a case insensitive record ID referenced through API.
Q. What are unique fields?
- If checked on fields, it prevents you from putting the same value on multiple records. The critical thing to remember is custom fields marked as Unique count against an object’s limit of 25 External ID fields.
Q. How can we convert a 15 digit record ID to 18 digits and vice versa in the formula field ?
- We can use the CASESAFEID () function in the formula field to convert 15 digits to 18 digits in the formula field and to convert 18 digits to 15 digits, we can just remove the last three digits.
Q. What is an external ID ?
- The 'External ID' field is used to reference an ID from another external system. External IDs are searchable in Salesforce, and you can also use the upsert API call with the External ID to refer to records when making changes via Data Loader. We can make Text, Email, Number, AutoNumber as external Id fields.
Q. Can we have the same external Id on multiple records?
- Yes, you can; ideally, having the same external ID on multiple records is not recommended, but the system will not stop you from saving the same external id on multiple records unless you mark a unique checkbox on the field
Q. What is Data Skew in Salesforce?
- The full form of SOQL is Standard Object Query Language. SOQL evaluates a condition in an enterprise when you require to work with say 10,000 records.
A single user owns a huge number of records and we call that as “ownership data skew” and it causes performance issues while updating in Salesforce.
Q. Which objects can be imported via import Wizard?
- Data Import Wizard only imports Accounts, Contacts, Solutions, leads, Campaign Members, and all the custom objects.
Q. How many records can be imported by Data Import Wizard at a time?
- You can import up to 50,000 records at a time.
Q. What are the Data management tools in Salesforce?
- There are two data management tools available in Salesforce which are:
- Data Import Wizard
- Data Loader
Q. What is Data Loader?
- Salesforce Data Loader is a client application that allows you to import or export data in bulk. One can insert, update, remove, or export Salesforce records with this tool. Data Loader reads, extracts, and loads data from comma-separated values (CSV) files or a database connection for importing data. It creates CSV files for exporting data.
Q. When do we use Data Loader?
- We use Data Loader when:
- We need to load more than 50,000 to less than 5,000,000 records
- We need to load into an object that is not yet supported by web-based importing
- We want to be able to save multiple mapping files for future use
- We want to export our data for backup purposes
- We want to prevent duplicates by uploading the records
Q. What are the 3 key differences between Data Loader & Data Import Wizard?
The differences between Data Loader & Data Import Wizard lies in their functionality.
| Data Loader | Data Import Wizard |
| With data loader you can do both import and export of data. | With data import wizard, you can only import the data to your org. You will not be able to export data using this wizard. |
| With data loader, you first have to install the setup of data loader. | With data import wizard, it does not require any installation and is available as a step-by-step guided wizard. |
| With the help of data loader, you can import data of any object including both standard and custom objects. | In data import wizard, you are allowed to import data for all custom objects, but have access to limited standard objects including Account, Contacts, Leads, and Solutions. |
- For doing data import through data import wizard, navigate to Setup > Administer > Data Management > Data Import Wizard
- For doing data import through data loader, navigate to Setup > Administer > Data Management > Data Loader
Q. What is the use of the action “Export All” in the data loader?
- When you use export, you can extract/export all records, including the records in the Recycle Bin.
Q. What is Salesforce Sandbox?
- Sandboxes create copies of your Salesforce org in separate environments. Use them for development, testing, and training, without compromising the data and applications in your production org.
A Sandbox is a known isolated testing environment wherein the users can execute or run programs and files without affecting either the application or the system on which they have their live data. It is mostly used by software programmers to run a new programming code.
Q. What are the different types of sandboxes?
- Developer Sandbox:
A Developer sandbox is intended for development and testing in an isolated environment. A Developer Sandbox includes a copy of your production org’s configuration (metadata).
This is a basic sandbox-provided Salesforce with all the metadata from the production environment, but no data copied over, and for development will use it. - Developer Pro Sandbox:
A Developer Pro sandbox is intended for development and testing in an isolated environment and can host larger data sets than a Developer sandbox. A Developer Pro sandbox includes a copy of your production org’s configuration (metadata). Use a Developer Pro sandbox to handle more development and quality assurance tasks and for integration testing or user training.
They are a better version of developer sandbox only, they come with more storage than developer sandbox, but even here, only moving the production metadata. - Partial Copy Sandbox:
A Partial Copy sandbox is intended to be used as a testing environment. This environment includes a copy of your production org’s configuration (metadata) and a sample of your production org’s data as defined by a sandbox template. Use a Partial Copy sandbox for quality assurance tasks such as user acceptance testing, integration testing, and training.
This type of sandbox not only allows you to copy metadata rather than some part of live data as well. But this is also usually used as System Integration Testing (SIT) environment where you can test your integration. Other functionality with data similar to actual live data. - Full Sandbox:
A Full sandbox is intended to be used as a testing environment. Only Full sandboxes support performance testing, load testing, and staging. Full sandboxes are a replica of your production org, including all data, such as object records and attachments, and metadata. The length of the refresh interval makes it difficult to use Full sandboxes for development.
This is a replica of the production environment, usually used to test functionalities and give user training thoroughly.
More in about Sandbox Licenses and Storage Limits
Q. What are the options for deploying from Sandbox to Production org? What is an Outbound Change Set?
- Various methods are adopted for deploying a sandbox to production. The main method is using the Change Sets. A Change Set enables to create and test a new object in the sandbox and then send that to the production org. It contains information on org and not on any data such as records.
The other methods to deploy sandbox to production org include Force.com IDE, unmanaged packages as well as ANT migration tools.
When sending customizations from current org to another org the Outbound Change Set is used. Once received by the receiving org it is called Inbound Change Set.
Q. What are governor limits in salesforce?
- Salesforce Governor Limits are usage caps enforced by Salesforce to ensure efficient processing. They allow for multiple users of the platform without impeding performance.
Q. What is fiscal year?
- fiscal year or financial year is a period of time used to calculate annual (yearly) financial statements in businesses and other organizations in salesforce.
Q. What is MVC architecture?
It's a code design pattern that separates your code into the parts
- Model – In Salesforce, our subjects are models.
- View – How data is represented on UI
- Controller – Apex classes can be considered as controllers
The use is a better structure of your code, making it easier to change and maintain it. With little impact, you should, for instance, be able to replace the entire view without changes to the model or controller logic. In Salesforce, VF pages use MVC architecture.
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